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Hydraulic machinery are machines and tools which use fluid power to do work. Heavy equipment is a common example.

In this type of machinery, high-pressure liquid – called hydraulic fluid – is transmitted throughout the machine to various hydraulic motors and hydraulic cylinders. The fluid is controlled directly or automatically by control valves and distributed through hoses and tubes.

The popularity of hydraulic machinery is due to the very large amount of power that can be transferred through small tubes and flexible hoses, and the high power density and wide array of actuators that can make use of this power.

Hydraulic machinery is operated by the use of hydraulics, where a liquid is the powering medium

Hydraulic Fluid

Also known as tractor fluid, hydraulic fluid is the life of the hydraulic circuit. It is usually petroleum oil with various additives. Some hydraulic machines require fire resistant fluids, depending on their applications. In some factories where food is prepared, water is used as a working fluid for health and safety reasons.

In addition to transferring energy, hydraulic fluid needs to lubricate components, suspend contaminants and metal filings for transport to the filter, and to function well to several hundred degrees Fahrenheit or Celsius.

Filters

Filters are an important part of hydraulic systems. Metal particles are continually produced by mechanical components and need to be removed along with other contaminants.

Filters may be positioned in many locations. The filter may be located between the reservoir and the pump intake. Blockage of the filter will cause cavitation and possibly failure of the pump. Sometimes the filter is located between the pump and the control valves. This arrangement is more expensive, since the filter housing is pressurized, but eliminates cavitation problems and protects the control valve from pump failures. The third common filter location is just before the return line enters the reservoir. This location is relatively insensitive to blockage and does not require a pressurized housing, but contaminants that enter the reservoir from external sources are not filtered until passing through the system at least once.

Hydraulic Pump

Hydraulic pumps supply fluid to the components in the system. Pressure in the system develops in reaction to the load. Hence, a pump rated for 5,000 psi is capable of maintaining flow against a load of 5,000 psi.

Pumps have a power density about ten times greater than an electric motor (by volume). They are powered by an electric motor or an engine, connected through gears, belts, or a flexible elastomeric coupling to reduce vibration.

Common types of hydraulic pumps to hydraulic machinery applications are;

* Gear pump: cheap, durable, simple. Less efficient, because they are constant displacement, and mainly suitable for pressures below 20 MPa (3000 psi).
* Vane pump: cheap and simple, reliable (especially in g-rotor form). Good for higher-flow low-pressure output.
* Axial piston pump: many designed with a variable displacement mechanism, to vary output flow for automatic control of pressure. There are various axial piston pump designs, including swashplate (sometimes referred to as a valveplate pump) and checkball (sometimes referred to as a wobble plate pump). The most common is the swashplate pump. A variable-angle swash plate causes the pistons to reciprocate.
* Radial piston pump A pump that is normally used for very high pressure at small flows.

Piston pumps are more expensive than gear or vane pumps, but provide longer life operating at higher pressure, with difficult fluids and longer continuous duty cycles. Piston pumps make up one half of a hydrostatic transmission.

Reservoir

The hydraulic fluid reservoir holds excess hydraulic fluid to accommodate volume changes from: cylinder extension and contraction, temperature driven expansion and contraction, and leaks. The reservoir is also designed to aid in separation of air from the fluid and also work as a heat accumulator to cover losses in the system when peak power is used. Design engineers are always pressured to reduce the size of hydraulic reservoirs, while equipment operators always appreciate larger reservoirs.

Some designs include dynamic flow channels on the fluid’s return path that allow for a smaller reservoir.

Accumulators

Accumulators are a common part of hydraulic machinery. Their function is to store energy by using pressurized gas. One type is a tube with a floating piston. On one side of the piston is a charge of pressurized gas, and on the other side is the fluid. Bladders are used in other designs. Reservoirs store a system’s fluid.

Examples of accumulator uses are backup power for steering or brakes, or to act as a shock absorber for the hydraulic circuit.

Many thanks to wikipedia! as i got many of my information form there.

Many thanks again for reading!

The Hydraulic Systems Division of Haldex announces that the new F15 Ferra Series Pump has been released and has many applications for the Construction, Agricultural and IC Lift Truck markets.

The Hydraulics Business Unit of the Haldex Hydraulic Systems Division is a leading supplier of electro-hydraulic power systems, hydraulic pumps and hydraulic motors.  Customers include the world’s major manufacturers of forklift trucks, construction equipment, turf care and agricultural equipment, aerial work platforms and heavy trucks.

Haldex Hydraulics Systems F15 series gear pumps is the result of Haldex extensive experience in the off-road vehicle market.  Proven design elements enhanced by new technology have created a product of very high efficiency, in a robust cast iron bodied gear pump.

- Gear and shaft are one piece construction for superior resistance to fatigue.
- Large diameter journals for higher load-bearing capacity.
- Made of high strength heat treated steel, the 14-tooth gears reduce pressure ripple (noise) and improve volumetric efficiency.
- Large Teflon impregnated bushings are installed in precision bored covers for optimum alignment, providing support area capable of handling most indirect drives.
- Integrated balanced bronze pressure plate for the optimum in wear surface and strength.
- Integrated “E” seal in the pressure plate reduces clearance, offsets axial loading and balances itself as pressure increases.

The Haldex F15 offering includes a variety of porting options (SAE, DIN, NPT, BSPP, JIS), sizes and combinations of side or rear locations.  Drive shafts are available in SAE, splined, keyed and tapered.  Mounting flanges offered are SAE 2-bolt “A”, SAE 2-bolt “B”, or SAE 2/4-bolt “C” with either single or double shaft seal configuration.  The double shaft seal option is designed for use when the pump pilot extends into a crankcase or transmission to prevent fluid from one environment entering the other.  Displacement range is 19 to 50 cc (1.159 to 3.050 in.3/rev) at speeds from 600 to 3600 rpm.

Safety is everyone’s responsibility in the workplace. Safety is most often related to good maintenance practice and good housekeeping.Safety needs to be an attitude that is always present in your daily activities. Employees should not be hesitant to voice safety concerns in the workplace. Management is just as committed to safety as the operators on the floor; the primary difference is that the operators are usually the closest to unsafe conditions; keep management advised of unsafe conditions.

The following list includes items which should be maintained to assure a safe working environment:

1. Floor and machine should be kept free of oil.
2. Floor and machine should be kept free of pellets.
3. Never reach over or under machine guards.
4. Never climb between the tie bars when hydraulic pumps are running.
5. Never disconnect or by-pass safety switches on guards.
6. In order to prevent mechanical hazards such as limbs being drawn into or trapped in the machinery, operators should not wear personal effects such as bracelets, watches, rings or chains during work shifts engaged in operating the blow molding machine.
7. Process only materials that are specified for use with the blow molding machine by the machine manufacturer.
8. Always wear adequate noise protection.
9. Use caution and wear protective gloves when making adjustments on hot die head components and manifolds.
10. Catwalks or platforms with railing should be present if hoppers such as drying hoppers stand tall enough whereby access requires climbing onto machine.
11. Know location of portable fire extinguishers; there should be an extinguisher no farther than 75 feet.
12. All electrical outlets should be marked as to the line voltage.
13. Never reach into the throat of an operating granulator. Unplug granulators before working on.
14. Always wear suitable foot and eye protection; safety glasses should be worn and steel toed shoes are recommended; soft soled shoes should not be worn.
15. Doe not operate any equipment unless suitable training has been completed.
16. All employees should be advised of any chemicals in the facility which are considered hazardous; read further about “Right To Know” laws for each particular state.
17. First aid kits should be available.
18. Advise operators that blow molding resin pressure can reach 4,000 psi and that hydraulic line pressure can reach 2500 psi. Clamp tonnage developed equals 2000 lbs of force for each ton; operators be advised.
19. Be conscious of sharp square corners on mold components and cavity parting line edges.
20. Razor knives also require extreme caution as their use results in many cuts.
21. NEVER use steel tools on the mold cores, cavities or parting line… Use brass, copper or aluminum. Brass can scratch highly polished steel, so use caution.
22. Do not stick fingers or rods into the barrel/screw feed throat area.
23. Examine air hoses and electrical cords to verify condition is proper; do not use cords with damaged insulation. Be especially observant when working near nozzle heater bands as these wires are easily
24. damaged.
25. Use only swivel type safety eyebolts; screw eyebolts far enough in such that thread engagement is 1.5 times the diameter.
26. Never stand directly below a mold suspended in air.
27. Avoid back injuries; lift properly with the back upright and straight; know your limitations and do not exceed them; use proper tools and get help when needed.

Source: http://polymerprocessing.blogspot.com/2009/04/safety-precautions-for-extrusion-blow.html

In understanding the differences between manual, hydraulic, and pneumatic sealless tools, one has to understand exactly what these tools are. The definition is rather simple in that these tools are used to place straps around bundles of boxes or other types of packages. They are usually strapped like this because these items must be shipped to another location. The straps keep them from turning over and damaging the goods or causing injury to anyone who may be standing near the stacks. Go to Pneumatics for more information.

That’s where the choice between having a manual, hydraulic, or pneumatic sealless tool comes in. Knowing the difference between the three can help an individual decide which one is the best for their particular needs.

Manual

A manual sealless tool can be used in both a business and a home environment. Being that it is manual, it is exactly how it sounds. The individual determines the length of the strapping and cuts it off manually. Where some machines take a predetermined length and cut them off themselves, the manual sealless tool leaves it all up to the operator. This means that even the tensioning is up to the user. However, they are very lightweight and can strap items horizontally and vertically. Nevertheless, manual tools are good for those low volume jobs. It can become rather tiring.

As for the strapping, there are different sizes, which means that there are different size machines. What you’re strapping together is going to determine the type of strapping that you need. If you are going to be doing large strapping operations, then you may want to invest in something that is more on the automatic side.

Hydraulic

Hydraulic sealless tools are those that are meant for the larger jobs. They contain air pumps that help them operate. They may require some manual work by the operator or they may be entirely automatic. These are large machines that can take care of constant strapping. Anytime that a company has to strap large orders that may not be able to be manually strapped, the hydraulic sealless tool can take care of it. Refer to Hydraulics for more information.

These machines will usually accept the different types of strapping. All that is required is that they are changed based on the size and weight of the item that is being strapped. This forms a strong hold so that the items do not fall.

Pneumatic

A pneumatic sealless tool is not usually used in a home environment. It is mainly used within a business environment. It is ideal for strapping packages that are flat. It doesn’t weigh much and it has an air motor that can save a lot of time when strapping these packages together. It can even adjust the tensioning and is great for strapping together such items as wood slats. It can be turned horizontally or vertically to strap and can literally be used within any environment that requires flat items to be strapped.

Then of course there is the fact that there are different types of pneumatic sealless tools. Some use steel strapping with different widths and different thicknesses. What size strapping you need will determine which pneumatic sealless tool you buy. However, what you’re strapping is going to determine what kind of strapping you need.

In Conclusion

The differences between the different types of sealless tools are quite obvious and the types of items being strapped and shipped are going to determine what kind of sealless tool is needed. The size and weight of the item is also going to determine what kind of strapping is needed. This is necessary for both the security of the items and of the people working around them. VisitAbrasives For Further information.

Source: http://inmycocoon.com/house-and-home/what-are-the-differences-between-manual-hydraulic-and-pneumatic-sealless-tools/

This post will be the first of several discussing hydraulics as used on a machine tool. We’ll go basic to start with.

You might have many hydraulic functions on your machine or just a few.

On a lathe you would typically see some of the following tasks of a machine actuated using hydraulic cylinders or actuators:

• chuck open/ close
• turret clamping
• turret indexing (on older machines, anyway)
• tailstock quill in/out
• clamping of a programmable tailstock

On a milling machine:

• spindle tool clamp/ unclamp
• B axis clamping
• magazine indexing (older machines)
• gravity axis counter-balance

For this post, we will discuss just a few basics that may help you get an understanding of the hydraulic circuit diagram for your machine and a little about solenoid valves.

The heart of the hydraulic system on a machine is the pump/motor unit (or hydraulic unit). This provides pressurized fluid (through piping and hoses) to the actuators of the machine. The actuators provide the actual mechanical motion needed to perform tasks (as mentioned above).

Valves (typically solenoid controlled valves) direct the fluid to the actuators at the appropriate time to perform actions (i.e. chuck open or close). A coil is electrically energized and a magnetic field is created. This magnet shuttles the valve spool. This change of position of the spool redirects the pressurized fluid to the appropriate actuator or cylinder side.

This is a drawing of a solenoid valve:

This is a 4-way, 3-position directional valve. 4-way refers to the 4 ports or connection points on the body of the valve: P, T, A, B.

P=Pressure
T=Tank
A=Fluid path to side A of an actuator
B=Fluid path to side B of an actuator

 3-position refers to the 3 possible operating positions of the valve. Each position (or circumstance) is represented by one of the 3 squares in the diagram. 

The LH square represents the circumstance when solenoid A is energized:

Port A is connected to Pressure
Port B is connected to Tank (or return to tank)

The RH square represents the circumstance when solenoid B is energized (which happens to be the opposite condition of the LH square):

Port A is connected to Tank (or return to tank)
Port B is connected to Pressure

The Center square represents the circumstance when neither solenoid A or B is energized. In this case, spring pressure returns the spoool to the center position:

P is connected to T
Both ports A and B are blocked

This diagram pertains to the particular solenoid valve in our example. The diagram will be different based on the different types of valves used in a machines.  A valve will typically have this type of diagram on the valve its self, so it is possible to see what happens to the fluid path under the different circumstances than can occur.

Below is a sample hydraulic diagram. It contains the same type of solenoid valve discussed above. It also shoes symbols for some typical components found in a hydraulic circuit diagram. In this example, the valve is being used to control the rod extend/ retract motion of a cylinder.

When solenoid A is energized (LH square):

Pressure is connected to port A.
Pressurized fluid enters the rod-side of the cylinder, causing the rod to retract.
Fluid in the blind-side of the cylinder is pressed out and is provided a path to return to Tank.

When solenoid B is energized (RH square):

Pressure is connected to port B.
Pressurized fluid enters the blind-side of the cylinder, causing the rod to extend.
Fluid in the rod-side of the cylinder is pressed out and is provided a path to return to Tank.

When neither solenoid A or solenoid B are energized (Center square):

Spring pressure moves the spool to the center position.
Pressure is connected to Tank.
Both ports A and B are blocked.
The cylinder rod does not extend or retract.

Source: http://pinpointcncblog.com/?p=299

‘71 Inter 3444 Diesel help? – TractorByNet.com
By tbert
Hi folks, Can anyone point me in the right direction for parts/repair of a
‘71 3444 International Diesel TLB? I need the hydraulic pump, brakes, and.
<http://www.tractorbynet.com/forums/case-ih/140490-71-inter-3444-diesel-help.html>
TractorByNet.com
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Oak Creek Power Plant Upgrades Cooling Water System | Power …

Model testing and similar installations have proven that pumps with FSIs
are more compact and have lower submergence depth requirements than the
same pumps with suction bells and forebays. The Hydraulic Institute (HI)
standard for pump …

<http://powerservices.lakho.com/2009/03/31/oak-creek-power-plant-upgrades-cooling-water-system/>
Power Industry News

<http://powerservices.lakho.com/>

Improvement in the efficiency of the common hydraulic pump could save American industry hundreds of millions of dollars 

In virtually all machinery, from your vacuum cleaner to factory assembly lines, oil or grease lubricates the moving parts to reduce friction. Friction wears out parts quickly and raises the energy expended in moving them. Anything that can cut such resistance should lengthen the life of machines and save energy. U.S. government estimates indicate, for example, that even a modest improvement in the efficiency of the common hydraulic pump could save American industry hundreds of millions of dollars in annual energy costs.

Aiming at such a result, researchers at the U.S. Department of Energy’s Ames Laboratory in Iowa have developed a coating for machine parts that makes their exteriors considerably slicker and more resistant to wear. Ten years ago Ames materials scientists Alan Russell and Bruce Cook discovered a ceramiclike alloy of boron, aluminum and magnesium—nicknamed BAM—that exhibits exceptional hardness and extremely low surface friction.

When BAM is lubricated with standard fluids such as water-based oil emulsions, it is more slippery than DuPont’s Teflon coating (of nonstick cookware fame), Russell says. In tests, the substance significantly outperforms most industrial coatings.  Read More

Source: http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?id=slippery-surfaces-save-energy